Is legislation a barrier to the sustainable management of game species? A case study of wild deer in Britain

Wild game management for hunting in Western society has become increasingly complex as stakeholders have multiplied and as ‘sustainability’ influences the contemporary debate. This paper questions whether the current legal framework for game management, which has evolved from early European civilisations to focus on ‘hunting rights’, is relevant to regulate the contemporary environmental, social and economic dimensions of wild game and their management. Employing a narrative analysis to focus on deer, the study identifies key legislative tenets and highlights the pertinence of historical laws to contemporary conflicts. The analysis suggests that current legislation is increasingly divergent from contemporary trends and has created inertia with respect to sustainable deer management. The paper offers four options to redress this: state intervention; voluntary collaboration; financial incentives; and establishing a legal responsibility for management. It is concluded that significant innovation is required in one or more of these four areas to facilitate the contemporary sustainable management of wild deer in Britain.     

采空区渗透率对瓦斯运移影响的模拟研究

根据计算流体力学基本理论,利用Fluent软件,对采空区渗透率为均匀分布、分段均匀分布、连续分布、"O"型连续分布4种不同分布情况下采空区瓦斯运移规律进行数值模拟。当渗透率均匀分布时采空区漏风较少,高浓度瓦斯分布靠近工作面;当渗透率分段均匀分布时,在采空区中有2条跳跃的瓦斯沟壑;当渗透率连续分布时,采空区漏风较多,高浓度瓦斯分布靠近采空区深部;当渗透率"O"型连续分布时,采空区漏风最多。结果表明,当渗透率不同分布情况下采空区漏风和瓦斯分布有很大差别。因此,为了得到更符合现场实际情况的瓦斯运移规律,在模拟采空区瓦斯运移规律时需要描述更能如实反映采空区煤岩冒落规律的渗透率分布。     

Food risks and the environment: changing perspectives in a changing social order

Risks related to food production and consumption are not a recent phenomenon. Through agricultural practices, the transport of agricultural and food products, the processing of food, its storage, and finally the consumption of food, risks have been externalized, mediated, contested and ingested. But agrofood systems have also been paralleled by routinized practices and institutions that attempt to reduce risks and sustain trust among the many actors involved in these food regimes. However, both the (definition of) food risks and the institutions and discourses used to dispel anxiety and build trust are far from stable throughout time. In the contemporary modern world-order, food risks and the practices and institutions dealing with these risks reflect the significant transformations in the agrofood system, the changing nature of the risks involved in food production and consumption, and the modifications in scientific risk assessment and risk management. This article provides an overview of the current debates, discussions and practices on actual and potential institutional transformations that parallel the emergence, assessment and management of food risks in reflexive modernity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论环境合同的“软法”属性及其证成

对于环境合同的属性的认识主要存在绅士协议说与契约说两种观点，但从软法的视角对环境合同性质进行界定则鲜有论述。作为人类社会行为规范的一种表现形式，软法在世界各国早已存在，只是在国内法语境层面上探讨的相对较少。环境合同的软法属性的证成正是基于环境合同的性质与软法构成要件之间的契合以及环境法软法渊源形态具有的动态、开放、与时俱进的特性。     

Supporting waste and water management with proactive legal instruments

This study addresses the means local administrators and legislators in emerging economies dispose of to implement directives passed down to them by international environmental agreements. Specific reference is made to agreements and policies dealing with fresh water supply and waste management. Although the Johannesburg Summit asked that the proportion of people without access to drinking water and basic sanitation be halved by 2015, actions need to be developed on a local scale to reach the target. They need to consider the existence of supply limits for water and the subtle difference between sanitation and waste collection. The concepts of reactive and proactive legislation are confronted. Proactive legislation, already used in the industrialized World, is proposed to introduce new patterns of behavior into emerging economy communities. The proposed legal texts have the capacity to be self-fulfilling in the quest for local compliance with international targets.     

汽车行人碰撞接触中行人运动学规律仿真研究

基于交通事故模拟分析PC-Crash软件及其内嵌多体系统动力学分析MADYMO模块,建立并验证了车辆多体模型和行人多体模型;对汽车与行人碰撞接触阶段的行人运动学具有较大影响的因素展开广泛分析,并构建汽车行人碰撞仿真试验方案;通过选取对汽车与行人碰撞接触阶段具有较大影响的因素作为仿真试验的自变量,对不同碰撞环境下汽车与行人碰撞接触过程中的行人运动学规律(包括运动姿态和对应的碰撞车速阈值)进行深入研究;汽车行人碰撞仿真与真实事故以及碰撞试验对比具有较好的规律吻合性和一致性。研究表明,笔者采用的计算机建模仿真方法在汽车行人碰撞运动学研究中具有实用价值。     

环境保护行政执法中存在的问题及对策

结合当前在环境保护行政执法工作中存在的一些亟待解决的问题，就产生这些问题的原因加以分析，并提出了一些切实可行的对策措施。     

环境治理工程验收监测存在问题及对策

本文论述了当前我国环境治理工程验收监测工作中存在的问题，提出了在验收监测中应严格遵守监测规范，适当增加监测频次，准确、客观地评价监测结果，充分地为企业服务的对策。     

基于韦伯-费希纳定律的一种新型环境质量评价法

韦伯-费希纳定律是定量描述人类感觉强度与外界环境刺激强度关系的心理物理学公式。文章基于对该定律做出的三点假设,提出了一种以外界环境对人体的危害程度为依据的环境质量评价方法,并在此基础上构造出环境质量评价数学模型。最后运用评价实例说明了该评价方法的科学性和优越性。     

地下空间使用权性质及立法思考

随着城市化的发展,土地资源的日渐稀缺。而社会生产力和科学技术的发展,推动人类对土地的利用已经从平面化走向了立体化,空间权的概念也随之而产生。但对于空间权制度各国立法不一,我国也存在许多争议。我们认为空间权只是空间使用权,而不存在空间所有权。空间权(或空间使用权)不是一个新的用益物权,是对在一定空间所设定的各种物权的一个综合表述。根据我国实际情况,应当优先确立地下空间使用权制度。